Parenting is the action of placing objects into an organised group and it is mostly used for rigging. The leader is called parent and the followers are called children.
When we want to parent meshes, we need to first select the child, then the parent and press P.
For unparent press Shift+P.
When we move/rotate/scale the parent the child does exactly the same, but the child can move independently. When we move the parent, all the child's constants stay on 0, which is great with rigging controls.
Here is an example of unparented controls. The upper controls are not moving when we rotate the bottom one, which might be quite awkward.
Here is the same object, but with parented controls.
Constraints
Constraints are under the rigging tab. They are similar to parenting, but do not allow us to mess with the child.
When doing constraints, we need to select the parent first and then the child, go to 'Constraint' tab and select what type of constraint do we want.
Point is for moving,
Orient is for rotation,
Scale is for scaling,
Aim is for aiming, used for eyeball movement.
When we want to undo the constraint, we need to go to the Outliner window and delete the constraint.
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